Author/Editor		Mueller-Premru, Manica
Title		Mehanizmi odpornosti pri po Gramu pozitivnih bakterijah
Translated title		Mechanisms of resistance in Gram-positive bacteria
Type		članek
Source		In: Mueller-Premru M, Gubina M, editors. Mikrobi in antibiotiki 2001. Zbornik predavanj Mikrobiološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo; 2001 jun 22-23; Ljubljana. Ljubljana: Slovensko zdravniško društvo, Sekcija za klinično mikrobiologijo in hospitalne infekcije,
Publication year		2001
Volume		str. 27-37
Language		slo
Abstract		The incidence of infections caused by resistant gram-positive bacteria has been increasing over the past 20 years. Resistant bacteria are present in hospitals and in the population. The most frequent mechanisms of resistance are: target modification, decreased permeability, destruction or modification of antibiotics by enzymes, efflux mechanisms and modification of the metabolic pathway. Bacterial resistance can be isolated or multiple. Among multiresistant bacteria, the most important are Staphylococcus aureus resistant to methicillin, other beta-lactams, macrolides, lincosamides, quinolones and aminoglycosides and coagulase-negative staphylococci resistant also to glycopeptides; enterococci resistant to vancomycin and teicoplanin and highly resistant to penicillin and aminoglycosides; Sfreptococcus pneumoniae resistant to beta-lactams and macrolides; the viridans group streptococci resistant to beta-lactams and aminoglycosides and Streptococcus pyogenes and streptococci of groups B, C and G, resistant tc macrolides. In gram-positive anaerobes, such as Pepfosfrepfococcus and Clostridium, resistance to penicillins and macrolides is appearing. To prevent further increase in resistance, we have to adhere to infection control guidelines, follow trends of resistance and use antibiotics with the narrowest spectrum and only when they are needed and introduce vaccines for infection prevention.
Descriptors		GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA DRUG RESISTANCE, MICROBIAL ANTIBIOTICS ANTIBIOTICS, LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS, AMINOGLYCOSIDE TETRACYCLINES SULFONAMIDES TRIMETHOPRIM