Author/Editor		Pižem, Jože; Cimerman, Matej
Title		Heterotopna osifikacija
Translated title		Heterotopic ossification
Type		članek
Source		Med Razgl
Vol. and No.		Letnik 40, št. 1
Publication year		2001
Volume		str. 83-94
Language		slo
Abstract		The term heterotopic ossification denotes new bone formation in tissues which do not normally ossify. Fibrous tissue and striated muscles are the most commonly involved. Heterotopic ossification often develops after local tissue injuries (traumatic, surgical, thermal) and/or central nervous system injuries. The anatomical sites most often affected are: hip, knee, elbow and shoulder. In most cases, heterotopic ossification is asymptomatic, but it may cause pain and limit the range of motion. Generally, an accurate diagnosis can be established by plain radiography Two modes of prevention of heterotopic ossification have been shown to be effective: the use of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs and local low-dose radiation. Surgical excision of heterotopic bone is indicated when the function of the involved joint is significantly diminished. Since there is a great possibility of reoccurrence, surgical treatment of heterotopic ossification should be delayed until heterotopic bone becomes mature, and preventative measures should be introduced immediately after surgery.
Summary		Heterotopna osifikacija je tvorba kostnine v tkivih, v katerih normalno ne pride do osifikacije. Pojavlja se predvsem v vezivnem tkivu in v prečno progastih mišicah. Pogosto je zaplet lokalne poškodbe tkiva (mehanske, operativne, termične) in/ali poškodbe centralnega živčevja. Najpogosteje se pojavlja v predelu kolka, komolca, rame in kolena. V večini primerov je asimptomatska, lahko pa povzroča bolečino in vodi v omejeno gibljivost v sklepu. Z rentgenskim slikanjem lahko v večini primerov postavimo diagnozo in določimo mesto ter obseg heterotopne osifikacije. V preprečevanju heterotopne osifikacije je uspešno zgodnje preventivno zdravljenje z nesteroidnimi antirevmatiki ali lokalnim obsevanjem z rentgenskimi žarki. Oba načina zmanjšata pogostnost in stopnjo heterotopne osifikacije. Kadar heterotopna osifikacija pomembno omejuje gibljivost, je indicirana ekscizija heterotopne kostnine. Zaradi velikega tveganja ponovitve je potrebna odložitev operacije, dokler heterotopna kostnina ni zrela, hkrati pa je potrebno pooperativno preventivno zdravljenje z nesteroidnimi antirevmatiki ali lokalnim obsevanjem.
Descriptors		OSSIFICATION, HETEROTOPIC