Author/Editor		Vodušek, DB; Bemelmans, B; Chancellor, M; Coates, K; van Kerrebroeck, P; Opsomer, RJ; Schmidt, R; Swash, M
Title		Clinical neurophysiology
Type		članek
Source		In: Trontelj JV, editor. Proceedings of the EC-IFCN (European chapter of the International federation of clinical neurophysiology) Ljubljana 2001. Regional EMG refresher course with the 17th dr. Janez Faganel memorial lecture; 2001 Oct 12-13; Ljubljana. Ljubljana: University medical centre, Institute of clinical neurophysiology,
Publication year		2001
Volume		str. IV-1-40
Language		eng
Abstract		Lower urinary tract function relies on neural control, the integrity of which is tested by clinical examination and several diagnostic methods, among them clinical neurophysiological tests. These comprise electrophysiologic methods of testing conduction through motor and sensory pathways (both peripheral and central), electromyographic methods, and quantitative sensory testing. The latter include tests of sensory thresholds for mechanical stimulation, vibration, temperature, and electrical current; none of the tests (as applied to the urogenital area) have as yet proved of definite usefulness in diagnosis of patients with incontinence. The text also reviews method and findings of electrophysiological tests including EMG, sacral reflexes, responses recorded from muscle on stimulation of motor pathways (pudendal nerve, sacral roots, motor cortex), and potentials recorded from sensory pathways (from nerve, roots, and cerebral cortex) after stimulation in the urogenital area. It is stressed that all electrophysiologic tests of conduction (terminal latency, motor evoked potentials, sensory evoked potentials, and sacral reflexes) correlate with patency of the respective neural pathway, but are not sensitive to partial neural system lesions of axonal type. The EMG signal can be used as an indicator of muscle activity patterns (kinesiological EMG), or can be analysed to reveal signs of muscle denervation by concentric reedle EMG (CNEMG) or signs of motor unit changes after reinnervation (CNEMG and single fibre EMG (SFEMG)). Clinical neurophysiological testing should be considered only in very selected groups of incontinent patients, particularly those with suspected or known involvement of the neuromuscular system. (Abstract truncated at 2000 characters).
Descriptors		URINARY INCONTINENCE FECAL INCONTINENCE REFLEX ELECTROMYOGRAPHY SACROCOCCYGEAL REGION EVOKED POTENTIALS, SOMATOSENSORY EVOKED POTENTIALS, MOTOR MOTOR NEURON DISEASE PENIS CLITORIS