Author/Editor		Sočan, Maja
Title		Cepljenje proti pnevmokoku in gripi
Translated title		Pneumococcal and influenza vaccination
Type		članek
Source		Zdrav Vars
Vol. and No.		Letnik 40, št. 11-12
Publication year		2001
Volume		str. 347-9
Language		slo
Abstract		Influenza virus and Streptoccocus pneumoniae are common causes of respiratory tract infections. Influenza and pneumoccocal infections are vaccine preventable diseases. Invasive pneumoccocal infections e.g. sepsis and meningitis are serious illnesses in small children and elderly with high mortality rate. Protective efficacy of 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine against invasive pneumocccocal infections is 60 % - 70 %. Pneumoccocal vaccination is safe and without serious side-effects. 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine offers no protection for small children (less then two years of age). Therefore, new, conjugated pneumoccocal vaccines are being developed. Influenza vaccination reduces morbidity, mortality and hospital admissions during and soon after the influenza epidemic. Antigens of influenza virus are changing yearly. For this reason the vaccination against influenza has to be repeated every year. Adverse events following influenza vaccination are rare. Both vaccinations are highly recommended to elderly and high-risk groups (patients suffering from chronic cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal, hepatic or metabolic disorders and to immunocompromised patients).
Summary		Virus influence in Streptoccocus pneumoniae sta pogosta povzočitelja okužb dihal. Bolezenska stanja, ki ju povzročata, lahko preprečimo s cepljenjem. Invazivne okužbe s pnevmokokom, kot sta npr. sepsa in gnojni meningitis; sta pri zela majhnih otrocih in starejših ljudeh resni bolezni z visoko smrtnostjo. 23-valentno pnevmokokno cepivo ima za invazivne pnevmokokne okužbe od 60- do 70-odstotno zaščitno učinkovitost. Cepljenje proti pnevmokoku je varno in nima težjih stranskih učinkov. Zaščitne učinkovitosti pri 23-valentnem polisaharidnem cepivu pa ni za otroke do dveh let. Zato se razvijajo nova, konjugirana cepiva proti pnevmokoku. S cepljenjem proti gripi zmanjšujemo obolevnost, umrljivost in število hospitalizacij ne glede na vzrok v obdobju epidemije gripe in po njej. Virus influence se antigensko spreminja iz leta v leto, zato je potrebno vsakoletno cepljenje z enim odmerkom cepiva. Zapletov po cepljenju je malo. Obe cepljenji priporočamo starejšim ljudem, kroničnim bolnikom (srčnim, pljučnim, ledvičnim, jetrnim in s presnovnimi boleznimi) in vsem, ki imajo okrnjen imunski sistem.
Descriptors		INFLUENZA VACCINE STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTIONS BACTERIAL VACCINES