| Author/Editor | Pižem, Jože; Coer, Andrej | |
| Title | Kaspaze | |
| Translated title | Caspases | |
| Type | članek | |
| Source | Med Razgl | |
| Vol. and No. | Letnik 40, št. 3 | |
| Publication year | 2001 | |
| Volume | str. 283-91 | |
| Language | slo | |
| Abstract | Caspases are cysteine proteases, which cleave their substrates following an aspartate residue. They are present as inactive precursors (pro-caspases) in cells. Caspases are involved in cytokine processing and apoptosis (programmed cell death) regulation. Apoptotic caspases are activator caspases (caspases 8 and 9) or effector caspases (caspases 3 and 7). Apoptosis can be initiated by either extracellular or intracellular pathways. Extracellular signals mediate apoptosis by death receptors, which activate caspase 8. Intracellular signals provoke changes in the permeability of the outer mitochondrial membrane which permits cytochrome C release from mitochondria. In the cytosol, cytochrome C allows activation of caspase 9. Activated caspases 8 and/or 9 induce cascade activation of effector caspases which cleave different target proteins. Demolition of target proteins plays an important role in morphological changes of apoptotic cells. | |
| Summary | Kaspaze so cisteinske proteaze, ki cepijo peptidno verigo za aminokislino aspartatom. V celicah so prisotne v neaktivni obliki (prokaspaze). Sodelujejo pri procesiranju citokinov in igrajo osrednjo vlogo pri uravnavanju apoptoze (programirane celične smrti). Kaspaze, ki sodelujejo pri apoptozi, delimo v aktivatorske (kaspazi 8 in 9) in efektorske (kaspazi 3 in 7). Apoptozo lahko sprožijo različni zunajcelični ali znotrajcelični signali. Zunajcelični signali delujejo preko receptorjev smrti in aktivirajo kaspazo 8, znotrajcelični (poškodba celice) pa povzročijo sproščanje citokroma C iz mitohondrijev, kar vodi v aktivacijo kaspaze 9. Aktivirani kaspazi 8 in/ali 9 sprožita kaskadno aktivacijo efektorskih kaspaz, te pa cepijo različne celične beljakovine - kaspazne substrate. Razgradnja celičnih beljakovin je odgovorna za značilne morfološke spremembe apoptotskih celic. | |
| Descriptors | CYSTEINE PROTEINASES APOPTOSIS ASPARTAME CYTOKINES T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC KILLER CELLS, NATURAL |