Author/Editor		Kraut, Aleksandra; Stirn-Kranjc, Branka; Vidovič-Valentinčič, Nataša
Title		Očesna toksoplazmoza
Translated title		Ocular toxoplasmosis
Type		članek
Source		Zdrav Vestn
Vol. and No.		Letnik 71, št. Suppl 2
Publication year		2002
Volume		str. II-87-90
Language		slo
Abstract		Background. Ocular toxoplasmosis is one of the important causes of severe visual loss in young otherwise healthy people. Diagnosis is clinical, supported by laboratory tests. Current evidence about the timing of toxoplasma infection leading to ocular disease suggests, that recurrent toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis is the result of prenatal (congenital) or remote, postnatal (acquired) infection. The timing of infection is rarely exactly known, and retinitis is not only a late manifestation of congenital disease aspreviously believed. The purpose is to review recent observations regarding ocular toxoplasmosis, and to review our experiences in the treatment of ourpatients with this illness. Methods. A review of the medicalliterature about ocular toxoplasmosis, especially regarding pathogenesis, therapy and prevention of the disease. Results. Epidemiological data for toxoplasmosis are various in different parts of the world. The highest rate is in Brasil. In Slovenia the rate is similar like in France or in the Netherlands (at age 40 there is 60% population seropositive). Toxoplasmosis screening in pregnant women is partly performed since 1991 and systematically since 1995 in Slovenia. No retinochorioditis was found in newborns so far. In the pathogenesis there are some several potential sources and routes of infections, that were previously unrecognized. Ocular involvement in cases of acquired infection appears to be more common than believed before. Classical therapy for ocular toxoplasmosis is still most commonly used. In prevention the education of pregnant women, and correct treatment of infected patients is recommended. Conclusions. The time of infection with Toxoplasma gondii and consequential retinochoroiditis is rarely confirmed. Patients with acquired infection after birth are probably more numerous than with congenital disease. (Abstract trunacted at 2000 characters).
Summary		Izhodišča. Očesna toksoplazmoza je eden od glavnih vzrokov izgube vida pri mladih, sicer zdravih ljudeh. Diagnoza je klinična, podprta z laboratorijskimi testi. Novejša spoznanja glede časa okužbe in pojava očesne bolezni govorijo, da je toksoplazmični retinohoroiditis lahko posledica prenatalne ali poznejše, postnatalne okužbe. Čas okužbe je redko natančno znan in retinitis ni le pozni pojav prirojene bolezni, kot smo doslej mislili. Namen prispevka je prikazati novejše ugotovitve glede očesne toksoplazmoze in podati naše izkušnje obravnavanja bolnikov s to boleznijo. Metode. Pregledali smo strokovno literaturo s področja očesne toksoplazmoze, zlasti glede novosti v patogenezi, zdravljenju in preprečevanju te bolezni. Rezultati. Epidemiološki podatki za toksoplazmozo so po svetu različni. Najpogostejša je v Braziliji, v Sloveniji je pogostnost podobna kot v Franciji ali na Nizozemskem (pri 40letih je 60% prebivalstva seropozitivnih). V Sloveniji opravljamo od 1991 delno in od 1995 sistematično presejalne teste na toksoplazmozo pri nosečnicah in okužene zdravimo. Svežih retinohoroiditisov med novorojenci nismo ugotovili. Zaključki. Čas okužbe s Toxoplasmo gondii in posledični retinohoroiditis redko dokažemo. Verjetno je več bolnikov s pridobljeno okužbo po rojstvu kot s kongenitalno toksoplazmozo, kot smo mislili do sedaj. Pravilno zdravljenje očesne toksoplazmoze bistveno zmanjša okvare vida. Ta dejstva moramo upoštevati v primarni in sekundarni preventivi očesne bolezni.
Descriptors		TOXOPLASMOSIS, OCULAR