Author/Editor		Zupan, Marija; Mikek, Kristina; Gruden, Smiljana
Title		Oftalmoskopska ocena izgleda papile vidnega živca pri glavkomski nevropatiji
Translated title		Ophthalmoscopic evaluation of the optic nerve head
Type		članek
Source		Zdrav Vestn
Vol. and No.		Letnik 71, št. Suppl 2
Publication year		2002
Volume		str. II-91-3
Language		slo
Abstract		Background. Optic nerve diseases, such as glaucomas, lead to changes in the intrapapillary and parapapillary region of the optic nerve head. Conclusions. These changes can be described by the following variables: size and shape of the optic disc; size, shape, and pallor of the neuroretinal rim; size of the optic cup in relation to the area of the disc; configuration and depth of the optic cup; ratios of cup to disc diameter and cup to disc area; position of the exit of the central retinal vessel trunk on the lamina cribrosa surface; presence and location of splinter-shaped hemorrhages; occurence, size, configuration, and location of parapapillary chorioretinal atrophy; diffuse and/or focal decrease of the diameter of the retinal arterioles; and visibility of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). These variables can be assessed semiquantitively by ophthalmoscopy without applying sophisticated techniques. For the early detection of glaucomatous optic nerve damage in ocular hypertensive eyes before the development of visual field loss, the most important variables are neuroretinal rim shape, optic cup size in relation to optic disc size, diffusely or segmentally decreased visibility of the RNFL, occurence of localized RNFL defects, and presence of disc hemorrhages.
Summary		Izhodišča. Glavkomi so optična nevropatija s papilarnimi in parapapilarnimi spremembami. Zaključki. Za oceno glavkomskih sprememb papile so pomembni naslednji parametri: velikost in oblika papile, velikost, oblika in bledica nevroretinalnega obroča papile; velikost in globina ekskavacije v razmerju s premerom papile, položaj in videz žilnega lijaka; prisotnost in lokacija papilarnih in parapapilarnih krvavitev; velikost, oblika in lokacija parapapilarne horioretinalne atrofije; difuzno ali lokalno zoženje premera arteriol mrežnice ter videz in vidljivost plasti živčnih vlaken mrežnice. Še preden se pojavijo spremembe v vidnem poIju, so najbolj pomembni parametri za zgodnjo oceno glavkomske nevropatije: razmerje med velikostjo ekskavacije in premerom papile (razmerje C/D), oblika nevroretinalnega obroča, difuzno ali lokalno zmanjšana vidljivost plasti živčnih vlaken (RNFL) ter prisotnost krvavitev na papili.
Descriptors		GLAUCOMA OPTIC NEURITIS OPTIC DISK RETINAL HEMORRHAGE OPHTHALMOSCOPY RETINAL ARTERY OCCLUSION