Author/Editor		Lotrič-Furlan, Stanka; Škerl, Marjeta; Lužnik-Bufon, Tatjana
Title		Prenos in preprečevanje okužb v domovih za ostarele
Translated title		Infection prevention and control in residential homes
Type		članek
Source		Zdrav Vars
Vol. and No.		Letnik 41, št. 3-6
Publication year		2002
Volume		str. 148-52
Language		slo
Abstract		The incidence of infection in residential homes is high. The residents are more susceptible to infections because of impaired immunity, chronic illnesses, and frequent hospitalization. The principal source of infection are patients and more rarely residents colonized by resistant bacteria. The most important way of spreading infection are hands of medical and nursing staff and of residents in residential homes. Other ways of spreading infections are much rarer. Different viruses, bacteria and some other microorganisms may be the etiological agents of infections. The most frequent are infections of respiratory tract urinary tract skin and subcutaneous tissue, and infections of gastrointestinal tract. The use of antibiotics are frequently inadequate and unnecessary. ResidentiaI homes can be the reservoir of some resistant bacteria such as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin resistant enterococcus. Residents colonized mymethicillin resistant S. aureus do not present a risk for other residents of the residential home if strict preventive measures are implemented. The most important measures for infection prevention and control in residential homes are handwashing and active immunization of residents. Vaccination against influenza and pneumococcal infections are recommended. Residential homes should have the guidelines for infection prevention and control, as is recommended by the Law for infectious diseases of the Republic of Slovenia.
Summary		Pojavnost okužb v domovih za ostarele je velika. Oskrbovanci so dovzetnejši za okužbe zaradi slabše odpornosti, kroničnih bolezni in pogostnega bolnišničnega zdravljenja. Glavni rezervoar okužbe so bolni in redkeje z odpornimi ali drugimi mikroorganizmi kolonizirani oskrbovanci. Najpomembnejši način prenosa okužbe v domovih za ostarele so roke zdravstvenega osebja ter oskrbovancev, drugi načini prenosa so redkejši. Povzročitelji okužb so lahko virusi, bakterije ali nekateri drugi mikroorganizmi. Glede na vrsto okužbe so pogoste okužbe sečil, dihal, kože in podkožja ter prebavil. Uporaba antibiotikov je pogosto neustrezna in nepotrebna. Domovi za ostarele so lahko rezervoar za različne proti antibiotikom odporne bakterije, kot so proti meticilinu odporni Staphylococcus aureus in proti vankomicinu odporni enterokoki. Ob upoštevanju higienskih ukrepov oskrbovanci, ki so kolonizirani s proti meticilinu odpornim S. aureusom, ne ogrožajo drugih zdravih oskrbovancev. Najpomembnejša ukrepa za obvladovanje in širjenje okužb v domovih za ostarele sta ustrezna higiena rok ter aktivna imunizacija oskrbovancev. Priporoča se cepljenje proti gripi in proti pnevmokoknim okužbam. Z Zakonom o nalezljivih bolezni v Republiki Sloveniji je določeno, da morajo imeti domovi za ostarele izdelan program za preprečevanje in obvladovanje okužb.
Descriptors		HOMES FOR THE AGED CROSS INFECTION AGED DRUG RESISTANCE, MICROBIAL STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS METHICILLIN RESISTANCE VACCINATION