Author/Editor		Seme, Katja; Mueller-Premru, Manica
Title		Spremljanje občutljivosti izolatov Streptococcus pyogenes in Streptococcus pneumoniae, osamljenih na Inštitutu za mikrobiologijo in imunologijo Medicinske fakultete v Ljubljani od leta 1994 do 2002
Translated title		Monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated at the Institute of microbiology and immunology of the Ljubljana Medical faculty between 1994 and 2002
Type		članek
Source		Med Razgl
Vol. and No.		Letnik 42, št. Suppl 1
Publication year		2003
Volume		str. 11-21
Language		slo
Abstract		Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes are important respiratory pathogens. They have been known to develop resistance to common therapeutic options relatively rapidly. The objective of this paper is to present the macrolide susceptibility rates for S. pyogenes and S. prieumontae isolated from respiratory tract specimens at the Institute of Microbiology and Immunology of the Ljubljana Medical Faculty from 1994 to 2002 in order to establish year-to-year changes in susceptibility rates for other antibiotics and to compare the susceptibility rates of noninvasive and invasive pneumococci. The erythromycin resistance rate of S. pyogenes increased from 4.2% in 1995 to 7.4% in 1999. The rate of macrolide resistant S. pyogenes has remained relatively stable after 1999 and was between 5.4% in 2001 and 7.0% in 2002. All S. pyogenes isolates continued to be susceptible to penicillin, cefotaxime and vancomycin, while the clindamycin susceptibility rate was a bit higher than that for macrolides. The erythromycin resistance rate of pneumococci isolated from the upper respiratory tract was on a constant increase from one year to the next and rose from 0.4% in 1995 to 22.8% in 2002. The penicillin resistance rate of noninvasive S. pneumoniae increased gradually, with the exception of a minor decrease in 2000, and rose from 17.7% in 1998 to 30.8% in 2002. The resistance rate for all other routinely tested antibiotics (macrolides, clindamycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline) with the exception of vancomycin was significantly higher among penicillin resistant pneumococci. The penicillin resistance rate of invasive pneumococci was lower during the entire studied period and increased from 5.9% in 1998 to 17.1% in 2000. The trend of increase in penicillin resistance among invasive pneumococci was less obvious than among noninvasive isolates.
Summary		Streptococcus pneumoniae in Streptococcus pyogenes sta pomembna povzročitelja okužb dihal pri ljudeh. Pri obeh bakterijah se odpornost proti nekaterim osnovnim antibiotikom, ki jih uporabljamo za zdravljenje okužb, relativno hitro širi. Namen našega prispevka je bil predstaviti podatke o občutljivosti za makrolide pri izolatih S. pyogenes in S. pneumoniae, ki so bili na Inštitutu za mikrobiologijo in imunologijo Medicinske fakultete v Ljubljani osamljeni iz dihal med letoma 1994 in 2002, ugotoviti, kako se je z leti spreminjala občutljivost izolatov obeh bakterijskih vrst za druge antibiotike, ter primerjati občutljivost neinvazivnih in invazivnih izolatov S. pneumoniae. Delež proti eritomicinu odpornih izolatov S. pyogenes je s 4,2% v letu 1995 narasel na 7,4% v letu 1999. Po letu 1999 delež proti makrolidom odpornih izolatov S. pyogenes ni več naraščal in je znašal od 5,4% v letu 2001 do 7% v letu 2002. Vsi izolati S. pyogenes so bili občutljivi za penicilin, cefotaksim in vankomicin, delež za klindamicin občutljivih izolatov pa je bil nekoliko višji kot pri makrolidih. Delež proti eritromicinu odpornih pnevmokokov, osamljenih iz zgornjih dihal, je iz leta v leto vztrajno naraščal, in sicer od 0,4% v letu 1995 do 22,8% v letu 2002. Odpornost neinvazivnih izolatov S. pneumoniae proti penicilinu je, z izjemo manjšega upada leta 2000, postopoma naraščala od 17,7% leta 1998 do 30,8% leta 2002: Proti penicilinu odporni izolati neinvazivnih pnevmokokov so bili bolj odporni proti vsem ostalim rutinsko testiranim antibiotikom (makrolidom, klindamicinu, trimetoprim-sulfametoksazolu in tetraciklinu), z izjemo vankomicina. Delež proti penicilinu odpornih invazivnih izolatov S. pneumoniae je bil vsa leta nekoliko nižji kot pri neinvazivnih izolatih in je znašal od 5,9% v letu 1998 do 17,1% v letu 2000. Trend rasti odpornosti proti penicilinu pri invazivnih pnevmokokih ni bil tako izrazit kot pri neinvazivnih izolatih.
Descriptors		RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE DRUG RESISTANCE, MICROBIAL ANTIBIOTICS MICROBIAL SENSITIVITY TESTS ERYTHROMYCIN PENICILLINS CEFOTAXIME CLINDAMYCIN VANCOMYCIN TETRACYCLINE