Author/Editor		Muzlovič, Igor; Jereb, Matjaž
Title		Urgentne infekcijske bolezni pri odraslih bolnikih
Translated title		Urgent infectious diseases in adult patients
Type		članek
Source		Med Razgl
Vol. and No.		Letnik 42, št. Suppl 1
Publication year		2003
Volume		str. 67-77
Language		slo
Abstract		Many infectious diseases affect vital organs. Infections of the respiratory system are among the most common. Because of many varied and resistant microorganisms, community acquired pneumonia is quite a challenge for infectologists. Correctly evaluated criteria for severe forms of pneumonia are the key to successful treatment. Toxic shock syndrome and sepsis with septic shock are the most severe infections. Accurate clinical diagnosis, prompt and appropriate antibiotic therapy and in many cases, surgical interventions can have an effect on the clinical outcome. Bacterial infections of the central nervous system (such as bacterial meningitis) also require an early diagnosis and adequate, prompt treatment. Proper knowledge of the etiopathogenesis of the disease is a cornerstone of appropriate empirical aritibiotic therapy. Tetanus is rare in our country (2 to 6 cases annually), but the diagnosis of this disease may be a considerable problem in some cases. Long-term treatrnent (usually with many complications; sueh as nosocomial infections, hemodynamic instability etc.) is necessary. If a severe form of the disease is expected, early tracheotomy should be performed.
Summary		Številne infekcijske bolezni lahko prizadenejo življensko pomembne organe. Med najpogostejšimi so prav gotovo okužbe dihal. Doma pridobljena pljučnica zaradi številnih in odpornih povzročiteljev predstavlja izziv za infektologa. Pravilna ocena pokazateljev hude prizadetosti je za uspešno zdravljenje ključna. Sindrom toksičnega šoka in sepsa s septičnim šokom predstavljata najtežjo obliko okužb. Pri obeh je dobra klinična ocena in hitro ter ustrezno zdravljenje z antibiotiki ključnega pomena za izhod bolezni. Velikokrat je potreben tudi kirurški poseg (intervencija). Čas je odločilen tudi pri bakterijski okužbi osrednjega živčevja. Dobro poznavanje etiopatogeneze je pogoj za ustrezno izkustveno protimikrobno zdravljenje. Tetanus je pri nas še vedno prisoten. Prav zaradi majhnega števila primerov je diagnoza v nekaterih primerih težka. Zdravljenje je dolgotrajno s številnimu zapleti. Ob sumu na hudo obliko bolezni napravimo zgodnjo traheotomijo:
Descriptors		COMMUNICABLE DISEASES EMERGENCIES COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS PNEUMONIA SHOCK, SEPTIC ADULT MENINGITIS, BACTERIAL TETANUS SEPSIS